two things to look at:
Get-MobileDeviceStatistics -Mailbox <User> and see what these show. There may be multiple entries. Be sure to find the correct one
DeviceAccessState :
DeviceAccessStateReason :
DeviceAccessControlRule :
DevicePolicyApplied
Also Check:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/troubleshoot/active-sync/issues-for-mobile-devices
Even though the Outlook App is not using "ActiveSync", give it a try and see if the reveal anything.