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I got the response from the team. There is likely some underlying integration between the OS (possibly ShellExecute) and Edge that made this work. But now, there have been many changes in both UWP and Edge. It's hard to find where has been changed. It will require a deeper investigation and resources beyond a normal forum case.
If you want to get more information like a solution or a conclusion about this issue. Please open a paid support ticket at MS Support. You will get 1:1 support on that. Select Developer Tools -> Windows UWP Development -> Windows 10 Universal App Dev in the support page and you could contact the team. Please kindly note that your support ticket will be free if it is Microsoft's issue.
Thank you.
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