Get started with Notification Hubs using Baidu

Artikel
07/17/2023

Baidu cloud push is a Chinese cloud service that you can use to send push notifications to mobile devices.

As Google Play and FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging) are not available in China, it is necessary to use different app stores and push services. Baidu is one of them, and the one currently used by Notification Hub.

Prerequisites

This tutorial requires:

Android SDK (we assume that you use Android Studio), which you can download from the Android site
Baidu Push Android SDK

Note

To complete this tutorial, you must have an active Azure account. If you don't have an account, you can create a free trial account in just a couple of minutes. For details, see Azure Free Trial.

To get started, do the following:

Create a Baidu account.
Create a Baidu cloud push project, and make a note of the API key and secret key.

Configure a new notification hub

Sign in to the Azure portal.
Select All services on the left menu.
Type Notification Hubs in the Filter services text box. Select the star icon next to the service name to add the service to the FAVORITES section on the left menu. Select Notification Hubs.
On the Notification Hubs page, select Create on the toolbar.
In the Basics tab on the Notification Hub page, do the following steps:
1. In Subscription, select the name of the Azure subscription you want to use, and then select an existing resource group, or create a new one.
2. Enter a unique name for the new namespace in Namespace Details.
3. A namespace contains one or more notification hubs, so type a name for the hub in Notification Hub Details.
4. Select a value from the Location drop-down list box. This value specifies the location in which you want to create the hub.
5. Review the Availability Zones option. If you chose a region that has availability zones, the check box is selected by default. Availability Zones is a paid feature, so an additional fee is added to your tier.
6. Choose a Disaster recovery option: None, Paired recovery region, or Flexible recovery region. If you choose Paired recovery region, the failover region is displayed. If you select Flexible recovery region, use the drop-down to choose from a list of recovery regions.
7. Select Create.
When the deployment is complete select Go to resource.

6. In your notification hub, select Notification Services and then Baidu (Android China).

Azure Notification Hubs - Baidu

7. Scroll down to the Baidu notification settings section. Enter the API key and secret key that you obtained from the Baidu console, in the Baidu cloud push project. Then click Save.

Azure Notification Hubs - Baidu Secrets

Your notification hub is now configured to work with Baidu. You also have the connection strings to register your app to both send and receive push notifications.

Make a note of the DefaultListenSharedAccessSignature and DefaultFullSharedAccessSignature from the Access connection information window.

Connect your app to the notification hub

In Android Studio, create a new Android project (File > New > New Project).
Enter an Application Name and ensure that the Minimum Required SDK version is set to API 16: Android 4.1. Also please make sure your package name (应用包名) is the same as in the Baidu Cloud Push Portal
Click Next and continue following the wizard until the Create Activity window appears. Make sure that Empty Activity is selected, and finally select Finish to create a new Android Application.
Make sure that the Project Build Target is set correctly.

Then add Azure Notification Hubs libraries. In the Build.Gradle file for the app, add the following lines in the dependencies section.

implementation 'com.microsoft.azure:notification-hubs-android-sdk:0.6@aar'
implementation 'com.microsoft.azure:azure-notifications-handler:1.0.1@aar'

Add the following repository after the dependencies section.

repositories {
    maven {
        url "https://dl.bintray.com/microsoftazuremobile/SDK"
    }
}

To avoid the List conflict, add the following code in the project's Manifest.xml file:

<manifest package="YOUR.PACKAGE.NAME"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

and in the <application/> tag:

<application
    tools:replace="android:allowBackup,icon,theme,label">

Download and unzip the Baidu Push Android SDK. Copy the pushservice-x.y.z jar file in the libs folder. Then copy the .so files in the src/main/jniLibs (create a new folder) folders of your Android application.
In the project's libs folder, right click on the pushervice-x.y.z.jar file; select Add as Library to including this library in the project.

Open the Android project's AndroidManifest.xml file and add the permissions required by the Baidu SDK. Replace YOURPACKAGENAME with your package name.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DOWNLOAD_WITHOUT_NOTIFICATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR" />
!! <uses-permission android:name="baidu.push.permission.WRITE_PUSHINFOPROVIDER.YOURPACKAGENAME" />
!!<permission android:name="baidu.push.permission.WRITE_PUSHINFOPROVIDER.YOURPACKAGENAME" android:protectionLevel="normal" />

Add the following configuration within the application element after the .MainActivity activity element, replacing yourprojectname (for example, com.example.BaiduTest):

<activity
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.richmedia.MediaViewActivity"
    android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
    android:label="MediaViewActivity" />
<activity
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.richmedia.MediaListActivity"
    android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
    android:label="MediaListActivity"
    android:launchMode="singleTask" />

<!-- Push application definition message -->
<receiver android:name=".MyPushMessageReceiver">
    <intent-filter>

        <!-- receive push message-->
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.MESSAGE" />
        <!-- receive bind,unbind,fetch,delete.. message-->
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.RECEIVE" />
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.notification.CLICK" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

<receiver
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.PushServiceReceiver"
    android:process=":bdservice_v1">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
        <action android:name="android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE" />
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.notification.SHOW" />
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.media.CLICK" />
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED" />
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.USER_PRESENT" />
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED" />
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

<receiver
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.RegistrationReceiver"
    android:process=":bdservice_v1">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.METHOD" />
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.BIND_SYNC" />
    </intent-filter>
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED" />

        <data android:scheme="package" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

<service
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.PushService"
    android:exported="true"
    android:process=":bdservice_v1">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.action.PUSH_SERVICE" />
    </intent-filter>
</service>

<service
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.CommandService"
    android:exported="true" />

<!-- Adapt the ContentProvider declaration required for the Android N system, and the write permissions include the application package name-->
<provider
    android:name="com.baidu.android.pushservice.PushInfoProvider"
    android:authorities="com.baidu.push.example.bdpush"
    android:exported="true"
    android:protectionLevel="signature"
    android:writePermission="baidu.push.permission.WRITE_PUSHINFOPROVIDER. yourprojectname  " />

<!-- API Key of the Baidu application -->
<meta-data
    android:name="api_key"
    !!   android:value="api_key" />
</application>

Add a new class called ConfigurationSettings.java to the project.
```
public class ConfigurationSettings {
    public static String API_KEY = "...";
    public static String NotificationHubName = "...";
    public static String NotificationHubConnectionString = "...";
}
```
Set the value of the API_KEY string with the API_KEY from the Baidu Cloud Project.

Set the value of the NotificationHubName string with your notification hub name from the Azure portal and then NotificationHubConnectionString with DefaultListenSharedAccessSignature from the Azure portal.

Open MainActivity.java, and add the following to the onCreate method:

PushManager.startWork(this, PushConstants.LOGIN_TYPE_API_KEY,  API_KEY );

Add a new class called MyPushMessageReceiver.java, and add the following code to it. It is the class that handles the push notifications that are received from the Baidu push server.

package your.package.name;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import com.baidu.android.pushservice.PushMessageReceiver;
import com.microsoft.windowsazure.messaging.NotificationHub;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;

import java.util.List;

public class MyPushMessageReceiver extends PushMessageReceiver {

    public static final String TAG = MyPushMessageReceiver.class
            .getSimpleName();
    public static NotificationHub hub = null;
    public static String mChannelId, mUserId;

    @Override
    public void onBind(Context context, int errorCode, String appid,
                    String userId, String channelId, String requestId) {
        String responseString = "onBind errorCode=" + errorCode + " appid="
                + appid + " userId=" + userId + " channelId=" + channelId
                + " requestId=" + requestId;
        Log.d(TAG, responseString);

        if (errorCode == 0) {
            // Binding successful
            Log.d(TAG, " Binding successful");
        }
        try {
            if (hub == null) {
                hub = new NotificationHub(
                        ConfigurationSettings.NotificationHubName,
                        ConfigurationSettings.NotificationHubConnectionString,
                        context);
                Log.i(TAG, "Notification hub initialized");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
        }
        mChannelId = channelId;
        mUserId = userId;

        registerWithNotificationHubs();
    }
    private void registerWithNotificationHubs() {

        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
            @Override
            protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
                try {
                    hub.registerBaidu(mUserId, mChannelId);
                    Log.i(TAG, "Registered with Notification Hub - '"
                            + ConfigurationSettings.NotificationHubName + "'"
                            + " with UserId - '"
                            + mUserId + "' and Channel Id - '"
                            + mChannelId + "'");
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
                }
                return null;
            }
        }.execute(null, null, null);
    }

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Context context, String message,
                        String customContentString) {
        String messageString = " onMessage=\"" + message
                + "\" customContentString=" + customContentString;
        Log.d(TAG, messageString);
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(customContentString)) {
            JSONObject customJson = null;
            try {
                customJson = new JSONObject(customContentString);
                String myvalue = null;
                if (!customJson.isNull("mykey")) {
                    myvalue = customJson.getString("mykey");
                }
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onNotificationArrived(Context context, String title, String description, String customContentString) {
        String notifyString = " Notice Arrives onNotificationArrived  title=\"" + title
                + "\" description=\"" + description + "\" customContent="
                + customContentString;
        Log.d(TAG, notifyString);
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(customContentString)) {
            JSONObject customJson = null;
            try {
                customJson = new JSONObject(customContentString);
                String myvalue = null;
                if (!customJson.isNull("mykey")) {
                    myvalue = customJson.getString("mykey");
                }
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onNotificationClicked(Context context, String title, String description, String customContentString) {
        String notifyString = " onNotificationClicked title=\"" + title + "\" description=\""
                + description + "\" customContent=" + customContentString;
        Log.d(TAG, notifyString);
        Intent intent = new Intent(context.getApplicationContext(),MainActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra("title",title);
        intent.putExtra("description",description);
        intent.putExtra("isFromNotify",true);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        context.getApplicationContext().startActivity(intent);

    }

    @Override
    public void onSetTags(Context context, int errorCode,
                        List<String> successTags, List<String> failTags, String requestId) {
        String responseString = "onSetTags errorCode=" + errorCode
                + " successTags=" + successTags + " failTags=" + failTags
                + " requestId=" + requestId;
        Log.d(TAG, responseString);

    }

    @Override
    public void onDelTags(Context context, int errorCode,
                        List<String> successTags, List<String> failTags, String requestId) {
        String responseString = "onDelTags errorCode=" + errorCode
                + " successTags=" + successTags + " failTags=" + failTags
                + " requestId=" + requestId;
        Log.d(TAG, responseString);

    }

    @Override
    public void onListTags(Context context, int errorCode, List<String> tags,
                        String requestId) {
        String responseString = "onListTags errorCode=" + errorCode + " tags="
                + tags;
        Log.d(TAG, responseString);

    }

    @Override
    public void onUnbind(Context context, int errorCode, String requestId) {
        String responseString = "onUnbind errorCode=" + errorCode
                + " requestId = " + requestId;
        Log.d(TAG, responseString);

        if (errorCode == 0) {
            // Unbinding is successful
            Log.d(TAG, " Unbinding is successful ");
        }
    }
}

Send notifications to your app

You can quickly test receiving notifications from the Azure portal via the Send button in the notification hub configuration screen, as shown in the following screens:

Screenshot of the Azure Portal with the Test Send option outlined in red and a red arrow pointing to it. Screenshot to the Baidu Test Send page in the Azure portal.

Push notifications are normally sent in a back-end service like Mobile Services or ASP.NET using a compatible library. If a library is not available for your back-end, you can use the REST API directly to send notification messages.

For simplicity, this tutorial uses a console app as a demonstration on how to send a notification with the .NET SDK. However, we recommend the Use Notification Hubs to push notifications to users tutorial as the next step for sending notifications from an ASP.NET backend.

Here are different approaches for sending notifications:

REST Interface: You can support notification on any backend platform using the REST interface.
Microsoft Azure Notification Hubs .NET SDK: In the Nuget Package Manager for Visual Studio, run Install-Package Microsoft.Azure.NotificationHubs.
Node.js: How to use Notification Hubs from Node.js.
Mobile Apps: For an example of how to send notifications from an Azure App Service Mobile Apps backend that's integrated with Notification Hubs, see Add push notifications to your mobile app.
Java / PHP: For an example of how to send notifications by using the REST APIs, see "How to use Notification Hubs from Java/PHP" (Java | PHP).

(Optional) Send notifications from a .NET console app.

In this section, we show sending a notification using a .NET console app.

Create a new Visual C# console application:
In the Package Manager Console window, set the Default project to your new console application project, and then in the console window, execute the following command:
```
Install-Package Microsoft.Azure.NotificationHubs
```
This instruction adds a reference to the Azure Notification Hubs SDK using the Microsoft.Azure.Notification Hubs NuGet package.
Open the file Program.cs and add the following using statement:
```
using Microsoft.Azure.NotificationHubs;
```

In your Program class, add the following method and replace DefaultFullSharedAccessSignatureSASConnectionString and NotificationHubName with the values that you have.

private static async void SendNotificationAsync()
{
    NotificationHubClient hub = NotificationHubClient.CreateClientFromConnectionString("DefaultFullSharedAccessSignatureSASConnectionString", "NotificationHubName");
    string message = "{\"title\":\"((Notification title))\",\"description\":\"Hello from Azure\"}";
    var result = await hub.SendBaiduNativeNotificationAsync(message);
}

Add the following lines in your Main method:

SendNotificationAsync();
Console.ReadLine();

Test your app

To test this app with an actual phone, just connect the phone to your computer by using a USB cable. This action loads your app onto the attached phone.

To test this app with the emulator, on the Android Studio top toolbar, click Run, and then select your app: it starts the emulator, loads, and runs the app.

The app retrieves the userId and channelId from the Baidu Push notification service and registers with the notification hub.

To send a test notification, you can use the debug tab of the Azure portal. If you built the .NET console application for Visual Studio, just press the F5 key in Visual Studio to run the application. The application sends a notification that appears in the top notification area of your device or emulator.