IDisposable Schnittstelle

  • Referenz

Definition

Namespace:
System
Assembly:
System.Runtime.dll
Assembly:
mscorlib.dll
Assembly:
netstandard.dll

Stellt einen Mechanismus für die Freigabe nicht verwalteter Ressourcen bereit.

public interface class IDisposable
public interface IDisposable
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public interface IDisposable
type IDisposable = interface
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type IDisposable = interface
Public Interface IDisposable
Abgeleitet
Attribute
ComVisibleAttribute

Beispiele

Im folgenden Beispiel wird veranschaulicht, wie eine Ressourcenklasse erstellt wird, die die IDisposable -Schnittstelle implementiert.

#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

// The following example demonstrates how to create a class that 
// implements the IDisposable interface and the IDisposable.Dispose
// method with finalization to clean up unmanaged resources. 
//
public ref class MyResource: public IDisposable
{
private:

   // Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
   IntPtr handle;

   // A managed resource this class uses.
   Component^ component;

   // Track whether Dispose has been called.
   bool disposed;

public:
   // The class constructor.
   MyResource( IntPtr handle, Component^ component )
   {
      this->handle = handle;
      this->component = component;
      disposed = false;
   }

   // This method is called if the user explicitly disposes of the
   // object (by calling the Dispose method in other managed languages, 
   // or the destructor in C++). The compiler emits as a call to 
   // GC::SuppressFinalize( this ) for you, so there is no need to 
   // call it here.
   ~MyResource() 
   {
      // Dispose of managed resources.
      component->~Component();

      // Call C++ finalizer to clean up unmanaged resources.
      this->!MyResource();

      // Mark the class as disposed. This flag allows you to throw an
      // exception if a disposed object is accessed.
      disposed = true;
   }

   // Use interop to call the method necessary to clean up the 
   // unmanaged resource.
   //
   [System::Runtime::InteropServices::DllImport("Kernel32")]
   static Boolean CloseHandle( IntPtr handle );

   // The C++ finalizer destructor ensures that unmanaged resources get
   // released if the user releases the object without explicitly 
   // disposing of it.
   //
   !MyResource()
   {      
      // Call the appropriate methods to clean up unmanaged 
      // resources here. If disposing is false when Dispose(bool,
      // disposing) is called, only the following code is executed.
      CloseHandle( handle );
      handle = IntPtr::Zero;
   }

};

void main()
{
   // Insert code here to create and use the MyResource object.
   MyResource^ mr = gcnew MyResource((IntPtr) 42, (Component^) gcnew Button());
   mr->~MyResource();
}

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

// The following example demonstrates how to create
// a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
// and the IDisposable.Dispose method.

public class DisposeExample
{
    // A base class that implements IDisposable.
    // By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
    // instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
    public class MyResource: IDisposable
    {
        // Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
        private IntPtr handle;
        // Other managed resource this class uses.
        private Component component = new Component();
        // Track whether Dispose has been called.
        private bool disposed = false;

        // The class constructor.
        public MyResource(IntPtr handle)
        {
            this.handle = handle;
        }

        // Implement IDisposable.
        // Do not make this method virtual.
        // A derived class should not be able to override this method.
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(disposing: true);
            // This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
            // Therefore, you should call GC.SuppressFinalize to
            // take this object off the finalization queue
            // and prevent finalization code for this object
            // from executing a second time.
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        // Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
        // If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
        // or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
        // can be disposed.
        // If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
        // runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
        // other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            // Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
            if(!this.disposed)
            {
                // If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
                // and unmanaged resources.
                if(disposing)
                {
                    // Dispose managed resources.
                    component.Dispose();
                }

                // Call the appropriate methods to clean up
                // unmanaged resources here.
                // If disposing is false,
                // only the following code is executed.
                CloseHandle(handle);
                handle = IntPtr.Zero;

                // Note disposing has been done.
                disposed = true;
            }
        }

        // Use interop to call the method necessary
        // to clean up the unmanaged resource.
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")]
        private extern static Boolean CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);

        // Use C# finalizer syntax for finalization code.
        // This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
        // does not get called.
        // It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
        // Do not provide finalizer in types derived from this class.
        ~MyResource()
        {
            // Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
            // Calling Dispose(disposing: false) is optimal in terms of
            // readability and maintainability.
            Dispose(disposing: false);
        }
    }
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Insert code here to create
        // and use the MyResource object.
    }
}

// The following example demonstrates how to create
// a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
// and the IDisposable.Dispose method.
open System
open System.ComponentModel
open System.Runtime.InteropServices

// Use interop to call the method necessary
// to clean up the unmanaged resource.
[<DllImport "Kernel32">]
extern Boolean CloseHandle(nativeint handle)

// A base class that implements IDisposable.
// By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
// instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
type MyResource(handle: nativeint) =
    // Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
    let mutable handle = handle

    // Other managed resource this class uses.
    let comp = new Component()
    
    // Track whether Dispose has been called.
    let mutable disposed = false

    // Implement IDisposable.
    // Do not make this method virtual.
    // A derived class should not be able to override this method.
    interface IDisposable with
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            // This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
            // Therefore, you should call GC.SuppressFinalize to
            // take this object off the finalization queue
            // and prevent finalization code for this object
            // from executing a second time.
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
    // If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
    // or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
    // can be disposed.
    // If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
    // runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
    // other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        // Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
        if not disposed then
            // If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
            // and unmanaged resources.
            if disposing then
                // Dispose managed resources.
                comp.Dispose()

            // Call the appropriate methods to clean up
            // unmanaged resources here.
            // If disposing is false,
            // only the following code is executed.
            CloseHandle handle |> ignore
            handle <- IntPtr.Zero

            // Note disposing has been done.
            disposed <- true


    // This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
    // does not get called.
    // It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
    // Do not provide finalizer in types derived from this class.
    override this.Finalize() =
        // Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
        // Calling Dispose(disposing: false) is optimal in terms of
        // readability and maintainability.
        this.Dispose false

Imports System.ComponentModel

' The following example demonstrates how to create
' a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
' and the IDisposable.Dispose method.
Public Class DisposeExample

   ' A class that implements IDisposable.
   ' By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
   ' instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
   Public Class MyResource
      Implements IDisposable
      ' Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
      Private handle As IntPtr
      ' Other managed resource this class uses.
      Private component As component
      ' Track whether Dispose has been called.
      Private disposed As Boolean = False

      ' The class constructor.
      Public Sub New(ByVal handle As IntPtr)
         Me.handle = handle
      End Sub

      ' Implement IDisposable.
      ' Do not make this method virtual.
      ' A derived class should not be able to override this method.
      Public Overloads Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
         Dispose(disposing:=True)
         ' This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
         ' Therefore, you should call GC.SupressFinalize to
         ' take this object off the finalization queue
         ' and prevent finalization code for this object
         ' from executing a second time.
         GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
      End Sub

      ' Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
      ' If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
      ' or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
      ' can be disposed.
      ' If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
      ' runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
      ' other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
      Protected Overridable Overloads Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
         ' Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
         If Not Me.disposed Then
            ' If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
            ' and unmanaged resources.
            If disposing Then
               ' Dispose managed resources.
               component.Dispose()
            End If

            ' Call the appropriate methods to clean up
            ' unmanaged resources here.
            ' If disposing is false,
            ' only the following code is executed.
            CloseHandle(handle)
            handle = IntPtr.Zero

            ' Note disposing has been done.
            disposed = True

         End If
      End Sub

      ' Use interop to call the method necessary
      ' to clean up the unmanaged resource.
      <System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")> _
      Private Shared Function CloseHandle(ByVal handle As IntPtr) As [Boolean]
      End Function

      ' This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
      ' does not get called.
      ' It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
      ' Do not provide finalize methods in types derived from this class.
      Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
         ' Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
         ' Calling Dispose(disposing:=False) is optimal in terms of
         ' readability and maintainability.
         Dispose(disposing:=False)
         MyBase.Finalize()
      End Sub
   End Class

   Public Shared Sub Main()
      ' Insert code here to create
      ' and use the MyResource object.
   End Sub

End Class

Hinweise

Die primäre Verwendung dieser Schnittstelle besteht darin, nicht verwaltete Ressourcen freizugeben. Der Garbage Collector gibt den einem verwalteten Objekt zugeordneten Arbeitsspeicher automatisch frei, wenn dieses Objekt nicht mehr verwendet wird. Es ist jedoch nicht möglich, vorherzusagen, wann die Garbage Collection stattfinden wird. Darüber hinaus hat der Garbage Collector keine Kenntnis von nicht verwalteten Ressourcen wie Fensterhandles oder geöffneten Dateien und Streams.

Verwenden Sie die Dispose -Methode dieser Schnittstelle, um nicht verwaltete Ressourcen in Verbindung mit dem Garbage Collector explizit freizugeben. Der Consumer eines Objekts kann diese Methode aufrufen, wenn das Objekt nicht mehr benötigt wird.

Warnung

Es ist eine breaking change, die IDisposable Schnittstelle einer vorhandenen Klasse hinzuzufügen. Da bereits vorhandene Consumer Ihres Typs nicht aufrufen Disposekönnen, können Sie nicht sicher sein, dass nicht verwaltete Ressourcen, die von Ihrem Typ gehalten werden, freigegeben werden.

Da die IDisposable.Dispose Implementierung vom Consumer eines Typs aufgerufen wird, wenn die Ressourcen, die einem instance gehören, nicht mehr benötigt werden, sollten Sie das verwaltete Objekt entweder in ein SafeHandle umschließen (die empfohlene Alternative), oder Sie sollten überschreibenObject.Finalize, um nicht verwaltete Ressourcen freizugeben, falls der Consumer vergessen, aufzurufenDispose.

Wichtig

Im .NET Framework unterstützt der C++-Compiler die deterministische Entsorgung von Ressourcen und lässt keine direkte Implementierung der Dispose -Methode zu.

Eine ausführliche Erläuterung zur Verwendung dieser Schnittstelle und der Object.Finalize Methode finden Sie in den Themen Garbage Collection und Implementieren einer Dispose-Methode .

Verwenden eines Objekts, das IDisposable implementiert

Wenn Ihre App einfach ein Objekt verwendet, das die IDisposable Schnittstelle implementiert, sollten Sie die Implementierung des IDisposable.Dispose Objekts aufrufen, wenn Sie die Verwendung abgeschlossen haben. Abhängig von Ihrer Programmiersprache können Sie dies auf zwei Arten tun:

  • Mithilfe eines Sprachkonstrukts, z. B. der using -Anweisung in C# und Visual Basic, und der use -Anweisung oder using -Funktion in F#.

  • Durch Umschließen des Aufrufs der IDisposable.Dispose -Implementierung in einem try/finally -Block.

Hinweis

Die Dokumentation für Typen, die implementieren IDisposable , beachten Sie diesen Fakt, und enthalten eine Erinnerung zum Aufrufen der Dispose Implementierung.

Die Anweisung "C#", "F#" und "Visual Basic Using"

Wenn Ihre Sprache ein Konstrukt wie die using-Anweisung in C#, die Using-Anweisung in Visual Basic oder die use-Anweisung in F# unterstützt, können Sie es verwenden, anstatt sich selbst explizit aufzurufen IDisposable.Dispose . Im folgenden Beispiel wird dieser Ansatz verwendet, um eine WordCount Klasse zu definieren, die Informationen zu einer Datei und die Anzahl der darin enthaltenen Wörter beibewahrt.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

public class WordCount
{
    private String filename = String.Empty;
    private int nWords = 0;
    private String pattern = @"\b\w+\b";

    public WordCount(string filename)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(filename))
            throw new FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.");

        this.filename = filename;
        string txt = String.Empty;
        using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(filename))
        {
            txt = sr.ReadToEnd();
        }
        nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count;
    }

    public string FullName
    { get { return filename; } }

    public string Name
    { get { return Path.GetFileName(filename); } }

    public int Count
    { get { return nWords; } }
}

open System.IO
open System.Text.RegularExpressions

type WordCount(filename) =
    let txt = 
        if File.Exists filename |> not then
            raise (FileNotFoundException "The file does not exist.")

        use sr = new StreamReader(filename)
        sr.ReadToEnd()

    let pattern = @"\b\w+\b"
    
    let nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count

    member _.FullName = filename

    member _.Name = Path.GetFileName filename

    member _.Count = nWords

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Public Class WordCount
   Private filename As String
   Private nWords As Integer
   Private pattern As String = "\b\w+\b" 

   Public Sub New(filename As String)
      If Not File.Exists(filename) Then
         Throw New FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.")
      End If   
      
      Me.filename = filename
      Dim txt As String = String.Empty
      Using sr As New StreamReader(filename)
         txt = sr.ReadToEnd()
      End Using
      nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property FullName As String
      Get
         Return filename
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return Path.GetFileName(filename)
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer
      Get
         Return nWords
      End Get
   End Property
End Class

Die using -Anweisung (use Ausdruck in F#) ist eigentlich eine syntaktische Vereinfachung. Zur Kompilierzeit implementiert der Sprachcompiler die Intermediate Language (IL) für einen try/finally Block.

Weitere Informationen zur using -Anweisung finden Sie in den Themen Using-Anweisung oder Using-Anweisung .

Der Try/Finally-Block

Wenn Ihre Programmiersprache ein Konstrukt wie die using -Anweisung in C# oder Visual Basic oder die use -Anweisung in F# nicht unterstützt oder wenn Sie es nicht verwenden möchten, können Sie die IDisposable.Dispose Implementierung aus dem finally Block einer try/finally Anweisung aufrufen. Im folgenden Beispiel wird der using Block im vorherigen Beispiel durch einen try/finally -Block ersetzt.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

public class WordCount2
{
    private String filename = String.Empty;
    private int nWords = 0;
    private String pattern = @"\b\w+\b";

    public WordCount2(string filename)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(filename))
            throw new FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.");

        this.filename = filename;
        string txt = String.Empty;
        StreamReader? sr = null;
        try
        {
            sr = new StreamReader(filename);
            txt = sr.ReadToEnd();
        }
        finally
        {
            if (sr != null) sr.Dispose();
        }
        nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count;
    }

    public string FullName
    { get { return filename; } }

    public string Name
    { get { return Path.GetFileName(filename); } }

    public int Count
    { get { return nWords; } }
}

open System.IO
open System.Text.RegularExpressions

type WordCount2(filename) =
    let txt = 
        if File.Exists filename |> not then
            raise (FileNotFoundException "The file does not exist.")

        let sr = new StreamReader(filename)
        try
            sr.ReadToEnd()
        finally
            sr.Dispose()

    let pattern = @"\b\w+\b"
    
    let nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count

    member _.FullName = filename

    member _.Name = Path.GetFileName filename

    member _.Count = nWords

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Public Class WordCount2
   Private filename As String
   Private nWords As Integer
   Private pattern As String = "\b\w+\b" 

   Public Sub New(filename As String)
      If Not File.Exists(filename) Then
         Throw New FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.")
      End If   
      
      Me.filename = filename
      Dim txt As String = String.Empty
      Dim sr As StreamReader = Nothing
      Try
         sr = New StreamReader(filename)
         txt = sr.ReadToEnd()
      Finally
         If sr IsNot Nothing Then sr.Dispose() 
      End Try
      nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property FullName As String
      Get
         Return filename
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return Path.GetFileName(filename)
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer
      Get
         Return nWords
      End Get
   End Property
End Class

Weitere Informationen zum try/finally Muster finden Sie unter Ausprobieren... Fangen... Finally Statement, try-finally, try... finally Expression oder try-finally-Anweisung.

Implementieren von IDisposable

Sie sollten implementieren IDisposable , ob Ihr Typ nicht verwaltete Ressourcen direkt verwendet oder wenn Sie selbst verwerfbare Ressourcen verwenden möchten. Die Consumer Ihres Typs können Ihre IDisposable.Dispose Implementierung aufrufen, um Ressourcen freizugeben, wenn die instance nicht mehr benötigt wird. Um Fälle zu behandeln, in denen sie nicht aufrufen Disposekönnen, sollten Sie entweder eine von SafeHandle abgeleitete Klasse verwenden, um die nicht verwalteten Ressourcen umzuschließen, oder Sie sollten die Object.Finalize -Methode für einen Verweistyp überschreiben. In beiden Fällen verwenden Sie die -Methode, um die Dispose nach der Verwendung der nicht verwalteten Ressourcen erforderlichen Bereinigungen durchzuführen, z. B. das Freigeben, Freigeben oder Zurücksetzen der nicht verwalteten Ressourcen. Weitere Informationen zur Implementierung IDisposable.Disposefinden Sie unter Überladung der Dispose(bool)-Methode.

Wichtig

Wenn Sie eine Basisklasse definieren, die nicht verwaltete Ressourcen verwendet und die entweder über Unterklassen verfügt, die verworfen werden sollen, oder wahrscheinlich haben, sollten Sie die IDisposable.Dispose -Methode implementieren und eine zweite Überladung von Disposebereitstellen, wie im nächsten Abschnitt erläutert.

IDisposable und die Vererbungshierarchie

Eine Basisklasse mit Unterklassen, die verwerfbar sein sollten, muss wie folgt implementiert IDisposable werden. Sie sollten dieses Muster immer dann verwenden, wenn Sie für jeden Typ implementieren IDisposable , der nicht sealed (NotInheritable in Visual Basic) ist.

  • Sie sollte eine öffentliche, nicht virtuelle Dispose() Methode und eine geschützte virtuelle Dispose(Boolean disposing) Methode bereitstellen.

  • Die Dispose() -Methode muss aufrufen Dispose(true) und sollte die Finalisierung für die Leistung unterdrücken.

  • Der Basistyp sollte keine Finalizer enthalten.

Das folgende Codefragment spiegelt das Dispose-Muster für Basisklassen wider. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Ihr Typ die Object.Finalize -Methode nicht überschreibt.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class BaseClass1 : IDisposable
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    FileStream fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

    // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            fs.Dispose();
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        disposed = true;
    }
}

open System
open System.IO

type BaseClass1() =
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false

    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    let fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

    interface IDisposable with
        // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                fs.Dispose()
                // Free any other managed objects here.
            disposed <- true

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Class BaseClass1 : Implements IDisposable
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False
   ' Instantiate a FileStream instance.
   Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

   ' Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
   Public Sub Dispose() _
              Implements IDisposable.Dispose
      Dispose(disposing:=True)
      GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
   End Sub

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         fs.Dispose()
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      disposed = True
   End Sub
End Class

Wenn Sie die Object.Finalize Methode überschreiben, sollte Ihre Klasse das folgende Muster implementieren.

using System;

class BaseClass2 : IDisposable
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;

    // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        // Free any unmanaged objects here.
        //
        disposed = true;
    }

    ~BaseClass2()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: false);
    }
}

open System

type BaseClass2() =
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false

    interface IDisposable with
        // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                // Free any other managed objects here.
                ()

            // Free any unmanaged objects here.
            disposed <- true

    override this.Finalize() =
        this.Dispose false

Class BaseClass : Implements IDisposable
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False

   ' Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
   Public Sub Dispose() _
              Implements IDisposable.Dispose
      Dispose(disposing:=True)
      GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
   End Sub

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      ' Free any unmanaged objects here.
      '
      disposed = True
   End Sub

   Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
      Dispose(disposing:=False)
   End Sub
End Class

Unterklassen sollten das verwerfbare Muster wie folgt implementieren:

  • Sie müssen Dispose(Boolean) überschreiben und die Basisklassen-Dispose(Boolean)-Implementierung aufrufen.

  • Sie können bei Bedarf einen Finalizer bereitstellen. Der Finalizer muss Dispose(false) aufrufen.

Beachten Sie, dass abgeleitete Klassen die Schnittstelle nicht selbst implementieren IDisposable und keine parameterlose Dispose Methode enthalten. Sie überschreiben nur die Basisklassenmethode Dispose(Boolean) .

Das folgende Codefragment spiegelt das Dispose-Muster für abgeleitete Klassen wider. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Ihr Typ die Object.Finalize -Methode nicht überschreibt.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class MyDerivedClass : MyBaseClass
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    FileStream fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            fs.Dispose();
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        // Free any unmanaged objects here.
        //

        disposed = true;
        // Call base class implementation.
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}

open Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles
open System

type MyDerivedClass() =
    inherit MyBaseClass()
    
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    let fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                fs.Dispose()
                // Free any other managed objects here.

            // Free any unmanaged objects here.
            disposed <- true
            // Call base class implementation.
            base.Dispose disposing

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Class DerivedClass2 : Inherits BaseClass2
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False
   ' Instantiate a FileStream instance.
   Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         fs.Dispose()
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      ' Free any unmanaged objects here.
      '
      disposed = True

      ' Call base class implementation.
      MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
   End Sub
End Class

Methoden

Dispose()

Führt anwendungsspezifische Aufgaben durch, die mit der Freigabe, der Zurückgabe oder dem Zurücksetzen von nicht verwalteten Ressourcen zusammenhängen.

Gilt für:

Weitere Informationen