Hello Idk lol,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum.
Based on what you've described, it's without a doubt that your computer has been infected. The first thing we should do in this, like what the AI assistant has suggested, is to disconnect the computer from the internet completely. We are not sure on what have already been uploaded, but we shouldn't let it get any more data.
Next, you should change the password of every Account that is on the computer (Not just Microsoft Account). Also, you should go to "Credentials manager" and remove all entries if possible.
I understand that you'd like to avoid a clean wipe of your computer. However, based on the behavior that you observe (disable the Defender, established a connection on its own, disable the ability to go into safe mode...), the best way to go forward is still a clean install of the OS.
You can still backup your data before a clean wipe. However, there is a few notes before proceeding.
- You should only backup data-only files. (docx and xlsx files for example). They cannot store macro and are relatively safer than other files.
- Make sure to scan every file before transferring.
- I'd suggest doing this from a known clean computer that is not connect to internet so you can still use Windows Defender offline to scan the file.
Next, here is a few note for you before reinstalling the OS:
- You will need a clean computer and a clean USB thumb drive to process with this.
- Download Windows 10 install only from Microsoft Official Site.
- Remove all external drives and devices, only keep the keyboard, mouse and the installation drive to avoid cross infection.
- After the installation is done, do not connect it to the internet yet. Please open Windows Defender and perform a boot-level offline scan to make sure the BIOS/UEFI is clean.
If you need any assistance with this, please let me know.