Hi @bombe.
The answer is yes. Workbooks do not have any identity which performs read actions on behalf of the user, they rely on the permissions of the user accessing the workbook to view the underlying data.
Take this example. You have created a multi workspace workbook that can render data from multiple workspaces into a single chart. User 1 has read permissions to the 1 log analytics workspace and user 2 has read permissions to 2 log analytics workspaces. When user 1 accesses the workbook, they will only see data from one of the workspaces. User 2 can access the same workbook and can view data from both workspaces at the same time.
Read permissions to the workbook allow the user to view the workbook and access the code which makes up the workbook, not access to data sources. If you want to achieve this, you will need to use a service such as Power BI or Grafana to allow a service principal to access the data.
One option you have, depending on the data you are trying to access is use resource-context access, allowing the user read access to azure resources, such as Virtual Machines and access the logs for those VM's through a scoped query.
kind regards
Alistair Ross