Hello @Advlaser ,
This needs a bit of in-depth debugging as the error doesn't give any clues. Open the logs located at C:\Program Files\Microsoft Azure Recovery Services Agent\Temp and see if there are any log files getting updated and check CBEngineCurr and CBUI0Curr.errlog files for clues on the failure
Other things to check are windows event logs, application/system event logs and see if any MARS agent related components or services are crashing?
Also look for other 3rd party software which can interfere with backups
- Antiviruses
- File Sync Tools
- Other backup products
In case of Anti-virus installed on the server, add the exclusion rules to the antivirus scan for:
- Every file and folder under the scratch and bin folder locations - <InstallPath>\Scratch* and <InstallPath>\Bin*.
- cbengine.exe
I hope this machine is running with all the latest windows updates. If not, you can patch up the server and retry installing the agent/register back to same vault and retry the test backup.
Hope this helps to find the cause, keep me posted by tagging me in your comments, once you make some progress.