I tested on Azure Virtual Desktop that I could share content inside a virtual desktop, but not on an external physical machine. Also, to share computer audio, you also need to share your screen.
As far as I know, sharing content in virtual machines hasn't broken the boundaries of virtual environments, and currently only content can be shared internally.
In order to meet your needs and better improve the Teams function, I have found some feedback in Teams UserVoice, and you could vote for it. Many features of our current products are designed and upgraded based on customers’ feedback. With requirements like this increase, the problem may well be released in the future. Thanks for your understanding and support.
Feedback: https://feedbackportal.microsoft.com/feedback/idea/ae599d2b-0690-ec11-a81b-6045bd7a5542
https://feedbackportal.microsoft.com/feedback/idea/ec66e59c-ea07-ed11-a81b-6045bd864d4f
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