The process of installing, configuring, and customizing Visual Studio to support development workflows across languages, platforms, and workloads.
If you want the free version, install Community
SLN is the Solution file (solution-dot-sln-file)
PDB is for debugging (whats-inside-a-pdb-file)
If you compile in Release, you will get a .EXE which can be run alone (with Runtimes); if you don't use any external libraries
See vscpp-step-0-installation to install Workload for C++ Desktop apps