Might be a bit late but the AMA currently has a 10GB buffer. The time which the agent can be offline and buffer those logs, relies solely on the Events Per Second that are received. Less events = more time, more events = less time.
With an estimation of your event size and the events per second, you are able to roughly determine for how long the AMA can handle and outage.
Additionally, Microsoft is working on a feature to expand the buffer from 10GB to 50GB via an AgentSetting DCR. Unfortunately, it's still in preview and currently not functioning properly.
You can find the relevant documentation here: Install and Manage the Azure Monitor Agent - Azure Monitor | Microsoft Learn
Kind regards, Alexandros