@雄高 下川 , Apologies for the delayed response from over the weekend.
As outlined in this Azure doc: Microsoft global network
Yes, any traffic between data centers, within Microsoft Azure or between Microsoft services such as Virtual Machines, Microsoft 365, XBox, SQL DBs, Storage, and virtual networks are routed within our global network and never over the public Internet, to ensure optimal performance and integrity.
The Teams tab and the Bot Service are both part of the Microsoft365 suite, and the App Service is part of the Azure platform.
Checkout the following doc– which shows an example scenario which helps secure the connection to a Microsoft Teams channel bot's web app by using Azure Private Link and Azure Private Endpoint | which is over Microsoft Network
Help secure your Microsoft Teams channel bot and web app behind a firewall
Based on your requirements, you may also use the Azure App Service virtual network integration feature to integrate your app with an Azure virtual network. This will enable your app to access resources in or through the virtual network.
Additionally, you leverage network security groups and user-defined routes to control the inbound and outbound traffic between the App Service and the Teams.
See: Azure App Service virtual network integration