You can use az monitor metrics list to view certain metrics for the VM. This will fetch you the Percentage CPU for a VM: "
az monitor metrics list --resource /subscriptions/{subscriptionID}/resourceGroups/{resourceGroup}/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/{resourceName} --metric "Percentage CPU" --interval "PT1M"
However, "Logical Disk Space" is not a metric available here. To get the VM Insights data you will need to utilize Kusto Queries to fetch the information. See How to query logs from VM insights for information on how to utilize this VM Insights data. You can utilize the CLI command az monitor log-analytics query with this information.
Hope this helps. Let me know if you still have questions or need further assistance.
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