Hi, Ensure that data collection is enabled. If data collection is disabled in the security policy it may throw the "Agent not installed error." If it is turned on and you're still seeing this issue, you may need to manually install the Monitoring Agent.
You can also try uninstalling and reinstalling the extension so that you can ensure that nothing got corrupted and the communication is open. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security-center/security-center-troubleshooting-guide
In addition, make sure that you install with the correct workspace and that it is a part of a subscription that Security Center has permissions to.
Information taken from this thread.
Hope this helps,
James