@Calvin Quint, Thanks for posting in Q&A. From your description, it seems we enroll the device using Autopilot Hybrid Azure Ad join. But the device in Intune is without any Azure AD device associated.
Before going on, I would like to confirm if we follow the steps in the following link to do the enrollment:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/autopilot/tutorial/user-driven/hybrid-azure-ad-join-workflow
After the new device boot or old device reset, we will go through OOBE to set keyboard and language, then it will download Autopilot profile, then we will receive ODJ and do the enrollment, then Device ESP, AD login is asked and then User ESP. Could you confirm if we have also gone through these stages and if there's any error occurs during these phases?
If there's any update, feel free to let us know.
If the answer is helpful, please click "Accept Answer" and kindly upvote it. If you have extra questions about this answer, please click "Comment".
Note: Please follow the steps in our documentation to enable e-mail notifications if you want to receive the related email notification for this thread.