Hi @ADConnect ,
If you are using a VPN and can disable it, I would try turning it off to see if you are still blocked. I would also recommend checking your browser traces to see if you there are any error messages to indicate what the problem might be.
Your firewall needs to be configured to allow the Azure Portal URLs as documented here, so I would recommend verifying that the URLs have been added to your allow list. If that access is already enabled, there could be a separate issue.
Another possibility is that there are Conditional Access policies in place on the tenant that may be blocking access based on some condition that would only apply to the sign-ins from the corporate network. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/conditional-access/troubleshoot-conditional-access
Since you mentioned that this issue is happening both in the Azure Portal and in the Office portal site, the issue might be related to the backend of your tenant and may require deeper troubleshooting. If you have already tried all of the steps mentioned, feel free to send me an email at AzCommunity@microsoft.com ("Attn: Marilee Turscak") and include your Subscription ID and a link to this thread, and I will open a support case to address your issue.
If the information helped you, please Accept the answer. This will help us as well as others in the community who may be researching similar concerns.