There is no direct replacement for that, as per-user MFA is eventually going away. To manage auth methods for users, including MFA methods, you can use the /authentication/methods
endpoints: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/resources/authenticationmethods-overview?view=graph-rest-beta
To set a default MFA method, you can use the freshly released /authentication/signInPreferences
endpoint: https://www.michev.info/blog/post/5662/configure-users-default-mfa-method-via-the-graph-api