Thank you for posting your query on Microsoft Q&A. Based on above description seems like you are looking for advisory on what SSO flow would be better while using Azure application proxy to access an on prem application.
Please do correct me if this is not the case by responding in the comments section.
- Since your backed application is configured to extract the required attributes, Header-based SSO is most suitable for the ask.
- This the is only SSO flow supporting Header-based integration where Application Proxy does the SSO integration with Azure AD and then passes identity or other application data as HTTP headers to the application.
Thanks,
Akshay Kaushik
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