You can Azure Resource Graph service to query the alerts triggered within your subscription. Below sample query gets all Azure Monitor alerts that were fired in the last 12 hours and extracts commonly used properties for your reference. You can modify it based on your requirement.
alertsmanagementresources
| where properties.essentials.startDateTime > ago(12h)
| project
alertId = id,
name,
monitorCondition = tostring(properties.essentials.monitorCondition),
severity = tostring(properties.essentials.severity),
monitorService = tostring(properties.essentials.monitorService),
alertState = tostring(properties.essentials.alertState),
targetResourceType = tostring(properties.essentials.targetResourceType),
targetResource = tostring(properties.essentials.targetResource),
subscriptionId,
startDateTime = todatetime(properties.essentials.startDateTime),
lastModifiedDateTime = todatetime(properties.essentials.lastModifiedDateTime),
dimensions = properties.context.context.condition.allOf[0].dimensions, properties