2016 functional level is currently the highest.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/active-directory-functional-levels
What will the impact be on server still on 2012 if I upgrade domain functional level to 2019? What will impact be on workstations? (mix between Windows 10 and 11. Maybe 1 or 2 still on windows 7)
This will not cause you any problems. The document above describes the features added.
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