An Azure service that is used to manage and protect cryptographic keys and other secrets used by cloud apps and services.
The most secure option is to use managed identity; as you say, you cannot do this with a multi-container app service. However, this can be achieved using Azure Container apps, so one option would be to move to using that. If you want to stick with App Service, then using a service principle would be the next best option, but you will need to ensure you keep good security around the credentials and rotate it regularly.