@Jona, apologies for the delayed response.
I reviewed the settings available and can see that this issue seems to be by design.
The "Metric" based chart sources its data from Azure Metrics and are fetches as they arrive which causes the new points to be displayed (including the updated data point on X-axis).
Query based charts need to query the LA workspace to get this information which is based on the workbook refresh frequency. Also, the data arriving in LA workspace can have delay of few seconds to minutes (depending on the configuration at source).
There isn't much that can be changed at the moment to ensure that the query executes frequently to update the chart similar to metrics-based chart.
I would suggest posting it as an idea using the following link, to enable query frequency at a more granular level to update query-based chart more frequently - Azure Monitor Feedback
Hope this helps. Please let me know if you have any questions.