Hello
To analyzing the bsod issue, the dump (C:\Windows\memory.dmp or C:\Windows\minidump) may be useful.
To open a dump file, here is a link for reference. Pay attention to configure the symbol file path.
WinDBG - The Basics for Debugging Crash Dumps in Windows 10 | Tutorials (tenforums.com)
It seems present system has got corrupted. I noticed you have tried to run dism to fix it. The dism log will not include the exact eror files. We need to check C:\Windows\Logs\CBS\CBS.log for the exact error message.
To fix the corrupted files with the log analysis may be complicated. We may consider to perform an in-place upgrade repair with the installation media.