The two prerequisites to introducing the first 2019 domain controller are that domain functional level needs to be 2008 or higher and older sysvol FRS replication needs to have been migrated to DFSR
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/Storage-at-Microsoft/Streamlined-Migration-of-FRS-to-DFSR-SYSVOL/ba-p/425405
I'd use dcdiag / repadmin tools to verify health correcting all errors found
before starting any
operations. Then stand up the new 2019, patch it fully, license it, join existing domain, add active directory domain services, promote it also making it a GC (recommended), transfer FSMO roles over (optional), transfer pdc emulator role (optional), use dcdiag / repadmin tools to again verify health, when all is good you can decommission / demote old one.
From the issues / problems you described I suspect domain was not healthy to begin with. May want to remove the 2019 DCs, fix any /all issues, and try again.
--please don't forget to Accept as answer if the reply is helpful--