You can visit this link instead to update your profile:
https://account.microsoft.com/profile
Please be informed, if after you have made an update via the link above and profile picture still not updated then please don't panic, it's normal & it's by design.
MS Teams indeed has a caching scheme that is designed for capacity and performance optimization. Some data, such as display name and telephone number, can be cached up to 28 days in the client. Profile photos can be cached for up to 60 days. Please read more here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams...
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