@Klaus Zuenkler I believe this query is similar to the thread we discussed earlier. I am referencing the same here for visibility and posting my last response as answer here.
The list for all Azure are available for download from here. The cognitive services area uses the IPs under CognitiveServicesManagement. This list is dynamic and could change from time to time, if you are planning to block access with the IP list. Depending on your region you can lookup your IP with nslookup and check if the IP is available in the downloaded list. The IP returned in my case is available in the list so you can do a quick check by blocking the IP you see with lookup. I hope this helps.