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I understand that you are unable to join your machine to the domain, but you are able to ping the Entra Domain Services IP address.
could you please check the DNS settings on your virtual machine: Make sure that the DNS settings on your virtual machine are configured to use the IP address of the Azure AD DS managed domain as the primary DNS server. You can check the DNS settings by running the "ipconfig /all" command in a command prompt.
For more information, please go through the Fix: An Active Directory Domain Controller Could Not be Contacted
If the issue is persistent, please follow the Troubleshoot domain-join problems with a Microsoft Entra Domain Services managed domain
Hope this helps. Do let us know if you any further queries by responding in the comments section.
Thanks,
Akhilesh.
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