Per my research, there is no direct way to achieve this through UI. You could make a SharePoint list to read only mode by replacing all permissions on it.
Please run following PNP PowerShell to grant all users with read permission for this list.
$SiteURL = "https://tenant.sharepoint.com/sites/test"
$ListName ="list"
$LoginName = "c:0(.s|true"
Connect-PnPOnline -Url $SiteURL -Credentials (Get-Credential)
Set-PnPList -Identity $ListName -BreakRoleInheritance -CopyRoleAssignments
$VisitorsGroup = Get-PnPGroup -AssociatedVisitorGroup
Add-PnPGroupMember -LoginName $LoginName -Identity $VisitorsGroup
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