Additional Microsoft Entra services and features related to identity, access, and network security
Thank you for posting this in Microsoft Q&A.
As I understand you want to know if AD connect upgrade can be done without authentication prompt.
This is not possible as there should be secured connection between on-premises and Entra ID. This secure connection is created post authentication prompt where you will have to provide Global admin credentials of Entra ID.
As Akinbade mentioned, if IE is blocked in your environment, then you can try to make another browser as a default browser and try to run the Entra connect upgrade setup.
Also, if you are upgrading to latest version of Entra connect, make sure TLS 1.2 is enabled in your device where you have Entra connect installed.
Let us know if have any further questions.
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