Hello Joshua,
Thank you for reaching out to Microsoft Support!
Many people have recently experienced issues similar to yours, using application permissions with corresponding success but not sending mail, and have no problem with delegated permissions, so the issue may have occurred when the API side changed.
It is recommended that you use delegated permissions or open a support ticket instead.
Similar questions submitted by other users:
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/2121575/problem-when-sending-out-the-invitation
Hope this helps.
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