Thank you for posting this in Microsoft Q&A.
As I understand you are unable to access your Private Azure tenant as you are getting MFA prompt asking for authenticator app in your phone. Unfortunately, you have lost your phone and unable to login to Azure tenant.
As you mentioned you are the only admin for the tenant, due to which you are unable to get your MFA reset.
If you are the only global admin on the account and are blocked entirely, you can reach out to our support team. You can look into below article to get support numbers depending on your country.
or creating a ticket through a different account: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/get-help-support?view=o365-worldwide#phone-support
Create a ticket with Microsoft support team. Give them the tenant ID which is locked out in your description. Tell them that no admin account has access anymore and your partners also have no access anymore.
Once you create a ticket with support team you will have to work with our data protection team. You will have to first prove your identity against your tenant for security purpose. Post that this team will help you with help you in getting access to your tenant or unlock your account depending on your scenario.
Also, for the future, you can create an emergency access account (break glass) in Azure AD. This account will help prevent being accidentally locked out of your Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) organization because you can't sign in for any reason.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/roles/security-emergency-access
Let me know if you have any further questions.
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