@Matthew Hedrick, Thanks for posting in Q&A. From your description, I know we have changed license from F1 to Business Prem. Could you confirm if we change from Microsoft 365 F1 to Microsoft 365 Business Premium license? If yes, both include Intune license.
Currently, Intune supports to manage Surface Hub. I find your device is Surface Pro which is not in the supported list.https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/mem/intune/fundamentals/supported-devices-browsers#microsoft
Meanwhile, for Surface Hub, the configuration is limited. Here is a link describes the configuration we can set.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/client-management/mdm/surfacehub-csp
Hope the above information can help.
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