In my case, there was a driver that caused Hyper-V to crash, only on Windows 11 after upgrading from 10. Solution:
First, remember the command to reset to boot safely from the Windows Recovery Environment: Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Command Prompt:
bcdedit /set {default} hypervisorlaunchtype off
Create a restore point / backup / recovery. Download a tool called Sysinternals Autoruns (https://learn.microsoft.com/de-de/sysinternals/downloads/autoruns)
Launch the tool as admin, go to the Drivers tab and disable all drivers in HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services.
Set hypervisor to launch, by using:
bcdedit /set {default} hypervisorlaunchtype auto
If the machine boots successful and you can launch wsl, Docker, etc., you now can use binary search to find the culprit, by re-enabling more and more drivers.
In my case the driver was PxHlpa64 - Px Engine Device Driver for 64-bit (x86-64) Windows, which is known to cause issues.
Hope this helps