AFAIK, if you're not signing in by using UPN, you are not using Kerberos.
Review the considerations available at https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/bastion/kerberos-authentication-portal#considerations and make sure that they do apply to your deployment.
Btw. your post seems to imply a mismatch between the UPN used in your AD DS environment and Entra ID (in general, they should match)
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hth
Marcin