Hi Braun, Thaddeus,
Thank you for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A forum.
Extended Protection is enabled by default when installing Exchange Server 2019 CU14 or later, and there are some prerequisites or unsupported scenarios for Extended Protection. For example, Extended Protection can't be fully configured in a Modern Hybrid configuration (Exchange servers are published via a Hybrid Agent).
Currently, you can try to disable Extended protection temporarily to see if mailbox migration works again. This could help us to confirm if your issue is caused by Extended protection. Then you can check and meet all requirements before enabling extended protection again.
You can use a script and disable Extended protection for all Exchange servers:
.\ExchangeExtendedProtectionManagement.ps1 -DisableExtendedProtection
For more information about Extended protection and the script, please check:
Exchange Server support for Windows Extended Protection | Microsoft Learn
ExchangeExtendedProtectionManagement - Microsoft - CSS-Exchange
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