Hi FranekKorulczyk!
Thank you for giving us some time to check on this.
While Microsoft does not officially support booting from an SD card on Surface Pro 5, it is possible to do so. However, there may be limitations depending on the specific OS and hardware configuration. As for installing a bootloader on a pen drive and booting an OS from an SD card, it may be possible but it would depend on the specific bootloader and OS being used.
Regarding shrinking the Windows partition, the amount of space that can be shrunk will depend on the amount of data and programs currently on the partition. It is recommended to backup important data before attempting to shrink the partition. You can use the built-in Disk Management tool in Windows to shrink the partition. Simply right-click on the partition and select "Shrink Volume". The tool will then calculate the amount of space that can be shrunk.
Regards,
RodelioP.