Hi Jonathan,
It is true that the challenge that you are having with the Adobe Illustrator is being caused by an issue with the drivers on your Surface Pro. There are some instances wherein the display driver is not working well with the GPU acceleration function on your device. For us to isolate the issue, we suggest that you uninstall and re-install the Adobe Illustrator. If the issue is still present, we recommend that you contact Adobe support for further assistance.
Regards.