Hello Learoy Ellis-Moore,
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
After fully reading everything you've posted here, I understand that you want to connect the Surface Laptop Studio to three external monitors simultaneously with the Thunderbolt 4 docking station. Please allow me to give some official parameters here:
Surface Laptop Studio graphics overview - Surface | Microsoft Learn****
You'll notice that a Surface Laptop Studio device with both integrated and discrete Gpus has the ability to connect three external monitors at the same time.
You can find some limited information at the bottom of the link, such as 4x 4K at 30 Hz, but let me kindly remind you here that to make changes to the resolution and refresh rate, you do not make changes directly in the "Select Refresh rate", but you should make changes in the display adapter properties. When you turn on the display adapter properties, click "List All Modes" and there will be switching options for 60Hz, 40Hz or even 30Hz. After you complete the changes, you will see a lower refresh rate option in the Select Refresh Rate.
In theory, lowering the resolution and refresh rate should enable multiple external monitors.
In the meantime, let me share another thread here, and you'll notice that another user has done this, but he seems to have borrowed a third-party adapter
Is there any way for the Surface Laptop Studio to support 3 external - Microsoft Community
Best Regards,
Mitchell | Microsoft Community Support Specialist