I'm sure you know that Windows 11 is not officially supported on SP2017 5th generation. It sounds like you did a clean install of W11 and then applied the driver MSI?
There is no official support for W11 on this Surface. That said, you can try the Surface Diagnostic Toolkit https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4037239/surface-fix-common-surface-problems-using-surface-diagnostic-toolkit which can often fix most software and driver issues.
Alternatively, use the downloadable recovery image to go back to Windows 10 (and then update to the latest version of Windows 10). Go to https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/surfacerecoveryimage
(with a different Windows computer if yours is not working properly)
and download a recovery image for your Surface. You will need a 16GB or 32GB USB stick (also called a flash drive) formatted FAT32 (use a Windows computer). You can't use an actual external USB hard drive for this and don't use anything larger than a 32 GB USB stick. Best to purchase and use a new, previously unused USB stick for this. Use FULL format and not quick format and give the volume a name like surfboot. Unzip/extract the recovery zip to the root of the formatted USB stick.
There are full instructions and a video at https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4023512/surface-creating-and-using-a-usb-recovery-drive#download
After you confirm that the camera works on Windows 10, you can visit Ways to install Windows 11 (microsoft.com) and upgrade (not supported) using the registry edit documented there.
Again there is no official support for SP2017 running W11.