Hi scrivs1978,
Thank you for reaching out Microsoft Community. We're sorry for the inconvenience this has caused you.
It seems like the issue is within the Surface dock considering that after updating the dock's firmware, it didn't give you the max. resolution of 5120 x 1440 when you connected it back to your old Surface Pros. But, we still need to figure it out so what I can highly suggest is to check the current driver version of the Surface dock in Device Manager.
If it reflects the updated version which is :
Version 1.42.139
Release Date: September 18 2019
This version, contained in Surface_Dock_FwUpdate_1.42.139_Win10_17134_19.084.31680_0.MSI, updates firmware in the background. Updated registry key values:
- Component10CurrentFwVersion updated to 4ac3970.
- Component20CurrentFwVersion updated to 4a1d570.
This version adds support for Surface Pro 7 and Surface Laptop 3.
You can find this information from this link https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/surface/surface-dock-firmware-update. If it's indeed the most updated versiion, what I can suggest to further troubleshoot the issue is to clear the display cache and kindly uninstall the monitor drivers in Device Manager.
To clear the display cache, kindly see Solution #5 you can find in this link https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4023496/surface-troubleshoot-connecting-to-a-second-screen.
To uninstall the monitors:
Open Device Manager
Expand Monitors
Right-click on monitors that were once recognized by your Surface device excluding Surface Panel Filter or Surface Display and select uninstall device. Then, after removing, kindly disconnect the your Surface device monitor and the dock, restart everything and reconnect it again and see if this now works okay.
If this helps, feel free to mark this post as an answer. Otherwise, don't hesitate to respond to this thread for further assistance.
Kind Regards,
Crest_Z