Hello Aleksandar Milosavljevic,
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
After reading all of your posts, it's clear that you've found the right Settings.
If the current option is "when no keyboard attached", try changing it to "never" and then check to see if the problem repeats.
If the touch keyboard no longer pops up automatically, then this may be a temporary solution.
But I would like to make sure what updates you have installed? This can usually be queried in the update history. If this is a Windows update, you can try clicking "Uninstall Update", then find the corresponding update and uninstall it, and then restart your Surface to confirm that the issue still exists.
If the issue is caused by this update, uninstalling it should restore the function to normal. You can provide us with the corresponding KB number so that we can give you upward feedback, and at the same time hide it temporarily with the Hidden Update tool:
This issue may be fixed in subsequent Windows Update updates.
But if this is a Surface firmware update, it may not be able to be uninstalled, please let us know which update you have installed so we can collect it and submit it to the Surface Support team.
In the meantime, manually download and install the driver and firmware package for the Surface Pro 7, and then restart the Surface to see if the problem reappears:
Download Surface Pro 7 Drivers and Firmware from Official Microsoft Download Center
Best Regards,
Mitchell | Microsoft Community Support Specialist