Hello pnullmeyer,
Thanks for stopping by the Community Forum. Sorry to hear about the troubles you're experiencing with your device. Rest assured, we'll do our best to help.
You've stated in your post that the start menu appears on the screen with or without any accessories attached to it or anyone pressing on the windows logo.
While I am not sure exactly what's causing it, I'd suggest trying "refreshing" your Surface.
Refreshing Surface re-installs Windows and keeps your personal files, settings, apps that came installed on your Surface and those that you've installed from the Windows Store.
You’ll need to re-install desktop apps from the websites or from the discs that you used to install those apps.
More info can be found here.
Please give that a try and definitely keep us posted.