Hi M. M. M. M.,
Greetings! Thank you for posting in Microsoft Community.
I understand that you'd like to use the full features of the Surface dock 2 including the ports. I appreciate the effort in performing the troubleshooting methods.
May I confirm the Surface Net driver version of your Surface? Go to device manager > expand the Network adapter then locate the Surface Net driver >right-click then choose properties > go to the driver's tab.
Are you also running Windows 11 on your device?
Try to manually update the Surface Dock 2 through this link: Download Surface Dock 2 Firmware and Drivers from Official Microsoft Download Center.
Looking forward to your response.