Hello,
Please launch the web browser, and go to https://account.live.com to sign in, then go to Security, turn off the two-step verification.
Then launch the web browser again, but this time, in InPrivate/Incognito mode.
Then go back Security. Turn the two-step verification back on. Make sure all contact info is correct and up to date. Ideally, you might want to add the authentication app.
Then try to log into the app again.