I am having what I assume is the same problem. Several websites that I was able to access easily just weeks ago are no longer working. I can get to their loading page that asks for ID and Password and fill them out. However once submitted the site will eventually time out and not allow access. These are large sites such as T Mobile and United Health Care. Something happened in Edge that is causing an issue.
I have tried all the basic things such as clearing cache as well as reinstalling / updating Edge to no avail.