HI @Ben Wosjke ,
A side-by-side-migration from SCOM 2012 R2 directly to SCOM 2019 is not officially supported, but of course possible to achieve.
The best way to actually accomplish this would be to first in-place upgrade your SCOM 2012 R2 to SCOM 2016.
Then upgrade all your SCOM agents to the 2016 version, after that you can perform a side-by-side migration and you can upgrade the SCOM agents.
Some useful links:
Upgrade from SCOM 2012R2 to SCOM 2016 Checklist
https://kevinholman.com/2020/05/25/upgrade-from-scom-2012r2-to-scom-2016-checklist
Upgrade from SCOM 2016 to SCOM 2019 Checklist
https://kevinholman.com/2021/01/13/upgrade-from-scom-2016-to-scom-2019-checklist
The following management pack by Kevin can help you in uninstalling/installing mass SCOM agents:
https://kevinholman.com/2017/05/09/scom-management-mp-making-a-scom-admins-life-a-little-easier
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Best regards,
Leon