Exchange Online is having issues that sounds like its related:
Incident information
Title: Users may be unable to access Outlook Mobile as their mobile devices may be quarantined
ID: EX237658
Status
Service Degradation
Details
Title: Users may be unable to access Outlook Mobile as their mobile devices may be quarantined
User Impact: Users may be unable to access Outlook Mobile as their mobile devices may be quarantined.
More info: Users are able to access their Exchange Online mailboxes through other connection methods, including Outlook desktop and Outlook on the web.
Current status: We're analyzing service logs to help isolate the problem.
Scope of impact: This could impact any user attempting to access their Exchange Online mailbox through using Outlook Mobile.