There has to be a core reason that the server does not download any updates. At least, there are no updates in WsusContent.
What are the components to check? If the same products (or more) are configured on the upstream server, what other reason could there be that no files show up, and there are no errors? Everything looks fine in the logs, as far as I can tell.
Here are some non-errors that might be helpful (obviously irrelevant messages deleted, I am hand-typing this):
SoftwareDistribution.log (these statements show every cycle):
Found 0 telemetry queries to run
Found 0 telemetry counts to run
Successfully run 0 Telemetry queries
TaskManager: 0 task(s) running, 0 task(s) waiting to start
wsyncmgr.log:
Read SUPs from SCF for SERVERNAME
Found 1 SUPs
Found active SUP SERVERNAME from SCF File
Synchronizing WSUS, default server is SERVERNAME
sync: WSUS synchronizing categories, processed 11 out of 11 items (100%)
sync: WSUS synchronizing updates, processed 13 out of 5580 items (0%) ...
sync: WSUS synchronizing updates, processed 5580 out of 5580 items (100%) ... [2 hours later]
Set content version of update source XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX for site XXX to 3
Resetting MaxInstall RunTime for Cumulative updates
Synchronizing SMS database with WSUS, default server is SERVERNAME
:
Syncing all updates
Requested categories Product=Office2016, Product=Windows Server 2016, Product=Microsoft Edge, Product=Windows 10, UpdateClassification=Security Updates, UpdateClassification=Update Rollups, ... UpdateClassification=Critical Updates
sync: SMS synchronizing categories, processed 375 out of 375 items (100%)
sync: WSUS synchronizing updates
syncBatchCount not set, using default 1
Collecting existing updates ...
sync: SMS synchronizing updates, processed 0 out of 524 items (0%)
Skipped update xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - Security Update for Microsoft Office 2016 (KB3085538) 64-Bit Edition because it is up to date
:
Skipped update xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX because it is was superseded
:
Synchronizing update f00da434-23d9-429f-ad31-1bbc6e7b076d - Security Update for Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems (KB4535680)
[Also lists the versions for Windows 10 Version 1803 and 1607]
[Also lists more updates that were synchronized]
sync: SMS synchronizing updates, processed 524 out of 524 items (100%)
sync: SMS performing cleanup
Removed 21623 unreferenced updates
Done synchronizing SMS with WSUS Server SERVERNAME
Set content version of update source XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX for site XXX to 4
:
sync: Starting SMS database synchronization
Syncing updates arrived after 02/10/2021 05:47:07
:
Done indexing SUSDB. Custom indexes were created if they didn't exist previously. SERVERNAME
Cleanup processed 531 total updates and declined 83
Starting Deletion of ObsoleteUpdates
0 update(s) were deleted from SUSDB in Server xxxxxxxx
Deletion Completed
:
Sync succeeded. Setting sync alert to canceled state on site XXX
Updated 21737 items in SMS database, new update source content version is 4
WSUSCtrl.log
Successfully connected to local WSUS server
There are no unhealthy WSUS Server components on WSUS Server SERVERNAME
Successfully checked database connection on WSUS server SERVERNAME
WCM.log
No changes - WSUS Server settings are correctly configured and Upstream Server is set to IPADDRESS
Refreshing categories from WSUS server
Successfully connected to local WSUS server