This is very interesting and provided a clues to my own investigation on this issue.
I'm running 8.1 and don't have the appraiser.dll file on my system. I wasn't particularly concerned about CPU usage, but rather more about a log file called Autologger-Diagtrack-Listener.etl which updates itself every day.
The location for it is this one: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Diagnosis\ETLLogs\AutoLogger\AutoLogger-Diagtrack-Listener.etl
And here's the registry key for it: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\WMI\Autologger\AutoLogger-Diagtrack-Listener
I tried to view the contents of the ETL file - this file type can be opened with Event Viewer - however, it shows itself to be completely blank in spite of being 64KB. Initially, I thought that I was wrong about being able to open ETL files in EV
and opened another one called eventlog.etl instead. But I was able to view the contents of that without a problem.
Doing a Google search turned up a great many pointers to it being Telemetry related. The Diagnostic Tracking service which is supposed to be related to ETL file was nowhere to be found in the Services console either. Neither do I have it running under it's
new name called Customer User Experience and Telemetry.
However, Google pointed these to be related to Windows 10 which I have no intention of upgrading to. In addition, I haven't installed any of the Telemetry updates which M$ has been dishing out of late and tend to scrutinize each update which arrives in Windows
Update before considering installing it. In that respect, I have Automatic Updates disabled.
The registry key mentioned above expands to several more subkeys one of which is called {DD17FA14-CDA6-7191-9B61-37A28F7A10DA}. Since I wasn't getting any joy tracking down the Autologger file, I started searching for that instead. I tried several of the
others as well, but came up mainly with references to them in a Chinese blog which I didn't understand.
Fortunately, the above subkey led me to this Pastebin file: http://pastebin.com/C3dHDYYR
The subkey can be found about halfway down the page as: "UTC:::PROVIDERDEFINITION.MICROSOFT.WINDOWS.APPRAISER.GENERAL": "dd17fa14-cda6-7191-9b61-37a28f7a10da".
Searching in turn for Windows.Appraiser.General led me to the Infoworld article and to its relationship to the Customer Experience Improvement Program. However, I opted out of that ages ago. On an 8.1 machine, the option to do so can be found by clicking
the Action Center icon on the taskbar (looks like a flag) and click Open Action Center. Navigate from there by clicking "Change Action Center Settings" top left and then near the bottom, click "Customer Experience Improvement Program". So mine is clearly set
to "No, I don't want to participate......".
Yet when I opened Task Scheduler ---> Task Scheduler Library ---> Microsoft ---> Windows ---> Application Experience, I was horrified to find that my opt-out has been ignored completely from day one and everything I've been doing on the machine is (or was)
being relayed to Microsoft. Here's a screenshot I took before deleting the tasks.


So it seems my wishes to opt-out of the CEIP were being completely ignored.
I've taken appropriate steps now to ensure that it doesn't run anymore, but I've extremely annoyed that Microsoft simply ignored my wishes not to participate in the CEIP.