I suggest that you could open instant-on mode then adjust the power management for storage. Please check the following steps to do this.
1.Press the Xbox button to open the guide.
2.Select Profile & system > Settings > General > Power mode & startup.
3.Confirm that your Power mode is set to Instant-on.
4.Unselect the option When Xbox is off, turn off storage.
5.Restart your Xbox, and then go back to Settings and select System > Storage to see if your usb device now appears in the list.
More solutions about not detecting extern device could be found here.
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