I have exactly the same issue, however I have followed the steps above, but none of the three items you've suggested searching for exist on my PC...
I haven't tried to update anything manually, just following the Microsoft reminder to restart my PC to upgrade. This has now happened three times in a row, each time receiving the BSOD on restart.
Any further suggestions would be most appreciated
The first place to look is the registry, with regedit
I suggest searching for ArcCtrl - with luck you will find one or two keys with this name
Inside the key it might mention Arcsoft and should reference ArcCtrl.sys location in the drivers folder
N.B. Some people had ArcSec instead
Remove the keys ArcCtrl
reboot
Remove ArcCtrl.sys from driver folder
reboot
I was then able to install updates without BSOD
These solutions worked because we had previous installations of Arcsoft products like TotalMediaTheatre TMT which are incompatible with W10 but not 100% removed before.
If in fact you have a different problem then you can see in the thread https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/solved-windows-update-kb4512941-not-installing/ea81711e-5883-4c88-aa41-cb3e87bd47c6 it
is possible to examine the minidump file to determine which driver is crashing in your case
Before finding this solution I tried uninstalling all old software not needed, and disabling services from the startup configuration, but only removing ArcCtrl from registry solved it for me.